Impact of Environmental Regulation on the Green Total Factor Productivity of Dairy Farming: Evidence from China

Environmental regulation is essential to promote green and sustainable development in dairy farming. Nevertheless, limited studies have focused on the impact of environmental total factor productivity (GTFP) This study measures GTFP farming 27 provinces China during 2009–2020 using Slack Based Measure (SBM) model Malmquist–Luenberger (ML) index. In addition, random effects threshold regression models are used measure regulations The results demonstrate fluctuating growth that technical efficiency primary driver growth. annual rate highest large-scale (3.27%), followed by medium-scale (2.73%) small-scale (1.98%). Furthermore, positively affects has a effect GTFP, with urban–rural income gap as variable can be significantly negative if crosses value. Overall, this provides some policy recommendations for attaining China.